Introduction
Medicine constantly evolves to improve the standard of patient care.1 Among the many advancements is artificial intelligence (AI), which is the use of technology and computers to simulate intelligent behaviour and critical thinking similar to that of a human.2 AI incorporates machine learning (ML) algorithms and deep learning networks. It has the ability to collect massive amounts of data and derive complex patterns from it, enhancing patient care with medical management optimisation and error reduction analyses.2 In general, artificially intelligent systems have played a critical role in medicine by improving diagnostic algorithms (ie, image interpretations), developing efficient and individualised treatment protocols, catalysing drug development, storing electronic medical records and increasing healthcare delivery productivity. As such, AI can reduce personnel demand while cooperatively increasing efficiency and decreasing potential errors.2
Neurosurgery resides at the nexus between technology and medicine. AI and ML can be…