Disenfranchised and disadvantaged communities face challenges across the globe. These communities are more likely to be poor and minority, disproportionately exposed to harmful environmental pollutants and require equal access to healthcare. The environmental justice (EJ) movement aims to improve and maintain a clean and healthy environment by ensuring healthy air, water and soil. Two unlikely areas for comparison are Louisville, Kentucky, in North America and Blantyre, Malawi, in Africa, two worlds apart with different, yet similar, environmental issues.
The EJ movement was primarily initiated by another North American community in Warren County, North Carolina. A small, predominately poor, rural community of African-American residents was chosen to locate a hazardous waste landfill, accepting Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated soil. The residents protested and ignited the EJ movement in the USA in the 1980s. Executive Order 12898, issued by President Bill Clinton in 1994, provided a formalised platform providing credence to the EJ…